Dynapenic abdominal obesity is related to cardiovascular risk in older adults with Parkinson's disease: A cross sectional study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Currently, the impact of nutritional status in Parkinson's disease over the cardiovascular risk is poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate dynapenic abdominal obesity and its influence in anthropometric parameters of cardiovascular risk in older patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving outpatients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in two treatment centers in northeast of Brazil. We included patients who aged 60 years and older. The data was collected from January to July of 2019. For abdominal obesity, waist circumference was used. For dynapenia, Handgrip Strength was measured. Dynapenic abdominal obesity was established as the coexistence of dynapenia and abdominal obesity. RESULTS: The dynapenic abdominal obesity occurred in 25% of the patients and was higher in women (p = 0.073). The dynapenic abdominal obesity group had a decreased muscle strength, higher values of Body Mass Index, a worse Waist Height Ratio; increased values of Fat Mass and percentual of Fat Mass and an increased value of Conicity Index (p < 0,05). CONCLUSION: The occurrence of dynapenic abdominal obesity in our population was related to the worsening of anthropometric values of cardiovascular risk. From our results we can suggest that the early identification of the coexistence of nutritional disorders, such as dynapenia and abdominal obesity can help in the appropriate intervention to mitigate the risks related to adverse events.

Estado nutricional, hábitos alimentares e saúde bucal em um grupo de escolares / Nutritional condition, food habits and oral health in a group of school children

Objetivo: Investigar o estado nutricional, hábitos alimentares, experiência de cárie e práticas de higiene bucal em um grupo de escolares. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 171 crianças de 4 a 8 anos de idade, matriculadasem uma escola municipal do Recife/PE. Na avaliação antropométrica foi utilizado o registro do sexo, idade, peso e estatura, tendo como critério para o diagnóstico o Z-escore na classificação do índice de massa corporal/idade. Por meio de um questionário, foi veri-ficado a frequência de alguns alimentos e as práticas de higiene bucal. Os exames bucais foram realizados no ambiente escolar utilizando-se o índice ceo-d (OMS), como critério diagnóstico para a experiência de cárie. Os dados foram avaliados por meio de análise descritiva. Resultados:Das crianças avaliadas, 25% apresentaram excesso de peso e 3,5% baixo peso. Quanto ao consumo de alimentos, observou-se alta a frequência (3 a 6 vezes/dia) de: biscoito recheado (28,8%), refrigerantes (19,9%), balas/pirulito (27,8%) e de açúcar adicionado aos alimentos/bebidas (42,5%). A prevalência de cárie foi de 46,4%, com média de 1,47 dentes decíduos cariados e ceo-d médio de 1,8. A maioria das crianças realizava a escovação sem supervisão (60,3%), e 56,2% usavam escova e creme dental fluoretado. Do total de crianças, 39,2% nunca visitaram o dentista e 60,2% das crianças necessitavam de tratamento odontológico. Conclusão:O estado nutricional bem como a saúde bucal das crianças não apresentou resultados satisfatórios, estando em desacordo com as diretrizes e recomendações atuais da Organização Mundial de Saúde. (AU)

Objective: Investigate nutritional status, dietary habits, caries experience and oral hygiene practices in a group of school-children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 171 children aged four to eight years at a public school in the city of Recife, Brazil. The anthropometric evaluation involved recording sex, age, weight and height, using the z-score of body mass index/age as the criterion for the diagnosis. A questionnaire was used to collect information on the intake frequency of foods and beverages and oral hygiene practices. Oral examinations were performed in the school setting using the dmft index (World Health Organization) as the diagnostic criterion for caries experience. The data were evaluated using descriptive analysis. Results: Among the children evaluated, 25% were classified as overweight and 3.5% were classified as underweight. Regarding diet, high intake frequencies (three to six times a day) were found for cookies (28.8%), soft drinks (19.9%), candy/suckers (27.8%) and sugar added to foods/beverages (42.5%). The prevalence of caries was 46.4%, with a mean of 1.47 carious primary teeth and mean dmft index of 1.8. The majority of children performed tooth brushing with no supervision (60.3%) with a toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste (56.2%); 39.2% had never been to a dentist and 60.2% were in need of dental treatment. Conclusion: Considering the current guidelines of the World Health Organization, the nutritional sta-tus and oral health of the children analyzed were not satisfactory. (AU)

Supplementation-Dependent Effects of Vegetable Oils with Varying Fatty Acid Compositions on Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Women.

Fatty acid (FA) composition is a determinant of the physiological effects of dietary oils. This study investigated the effects of vegetable oil supplementation with different FA compositions on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese women on a hypocaloric diet with lifestyle modifications. Seventy-five women (body mass index, BMI, 30⁻39.9kg/m²) were randomized based on 8-week oil supplementation into four experimental groups: the coconut oil group (CoG, n = 18), the safflower oil group (SafG, n = 19), the chia oil group (ChG, n = 19), and the soybean oil placebo group (PG, n = 19). Pre- and post-supplementation weight, anthropometric parameters, and body fat (%BF), and lean mass percentages (%LM) were evaluated, along with biochemical parameters related to lipid and glycidemic profiles. In the anthropometric evaluation, the CoG showed greater weight loss (Δ% = -8.54 ± 2.38), and reduced BMI (absolute variation, Δabs = -2.86 ± 0.79), waist circumference (Δabs = -6.61 ± 0.85), waist-to-height ratio (Δabs = -0.041 ± 0.006), conicity index (Δabs = -0.03 ± 0.016), and %BF (Δabs = -2.78 ± 0.46), but increased %LM (Δabs = 2.61 ± 1.40) (p < 0.001). Moreover, the CoG showed a higher reduction in biochemical parameters of glycemia (Δabs = -24.71 ± 8.13) and glycated hemoglobin (Δabs = -0.86 ± 0.28) (p < 0.001). The ChG showed a higher reduction in cholesterol (Δabs = -45.36 ± 0.94), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc; Δabs = -42.53 ± 22.65), and triglycerides (Δabs = -49.74 ± 26.3), but an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc; abs = 3.73 ± 1.24, p = 0.007). Coconut oil had a more pronounced effect on abdominal adiposity and glycidic profile, whereas chia oil had a higher effect on improving the lipid profile. Indeed, supplementation with different fatty acid compositions resulted in specific responses.